饶毅：结果有，但不够饶议科学

这十几年大家蜂拥而用的热门技术都是重要的，但蜂拥而至的结果是很多不动脑筋，也没有特别结果，只是文章特别多（当然不是百分之百垃圾）。

在生命科学，一些经典方法，其实远没有过时。遗传分析、生物化学就是颠扑不破的经典。

我到旧金山加州大学读研究生后开始认真学习遗传学，（以前上课的效果不好），但遗传分析并非强项，而是分子生物学。但很快认识到遗传分析的重要性，特别是人类遗传分析。我实验室在北京做了好些人类认知的基因分析，发表了7篇文章，其中六篇GWAS，结果有但不够。

最后一篇是经典的人类遗传分析，用了家系分析，辅以基因组分析，发现对人类识别脸重要的基因。

人类遗传分析

Zhu ZJ, Wang YY, Cao ZJ, Chen BQ, Cai HQ, Wu YH and Rao Y (2016). Cue-independent memory impairment by reactivation-coupled interference in human declarative memory.Cognition 155:125-134.

Chen BQ, Zhu, ZJ, WangYY, DingXH,GuoXB, He MG, FangW, ZhouSB, ZhouQ, HuangAL, ChenTM,NiDS, GuYP, LiuJN, Lei H and RaoY (2018). Nature vs. nurture in human sociality: multi-level genomic analyses of social conformity. J Hum Genet 63:605-619.

Zhu ZJ, Chen BQ, Yan HM, Fang W, Zhou Q, Zhou SB, Lei H, Huang AL, Chen TM, Gao TM, Chen L, Chen JY, Ni DS, Gu YP, Liu JN, Zhang WX and Rao Y (2018). Multi-level genomic analyses suggest new genetic variants involved in human memory. Eur J Hum Genet 26:1668-1678.

Chen BQ, Zhu ZJ, Na R, Fang W, Zhou SB, Zhou Q, Lei H, Huang AL, Chen TM, Ni DS, Gu YP, Liu JN, Fang F and Rao Y (2018). Genomic analysis of visual cognition: perceptual switching and top-down control.J Neurosci 38:9668-9678.

Zhu ZJ, Chen BQ, Na R, Fang W, Zhang WX, Zhou Q, Zhou SB, Lei H, Huang AL, Chen TM, Gao TM, Chen L, Ni DS, Gu YP, Liu JN, Chen JY, Rao Y and Fang F (2020). Heritability of human visual contour integration—an integrated genomic study. Eur J Hum Genet 27:1867-1875.

Zhu ZJ, Chen BQ, Na R, Fang W, Zhang WX, Zhou Q, Zhou SB, Lei H, Huang AL, Chen TM, Ni DS, Gu YP, Liu JN, Rao Y and Fang F (2020). A genome-wide association study reveals a substantial genetic basis underlying the Ebbinghaus illusion.J Hum Genet 66:261-271.

Sun Y, Men W, Fang W, Zhou E, Yang W, Li Z, Zheng H-F and Rao Y (2021). Human genetics of face recognition: discocovery of MCTP2 mutations in humans with face blindness (congenital prosopagnosia).medRxiv2021.09.27.21263237 (Genetics 227:iyae047).